1.) a.) At the present time, what can be said regarding the “health and well being of the cryosphere on Earth [some consider it to be a subsystem of the hydrosphere]?(+2)
b.) What is the approximate composition of Earth’s atmosphere [identify each gas and the percent in the atmosphere](+2)
c.) How do hurricanes figure into the atmosphere with respect to the redistribution of heat in the atmosphere?(+2)
2.) +4 What is the dynamic situation with respect to Earth’s composition which many believe to be in existence in the CORE of Earth ? Be specific as the core is complex!
3.) +3 As the text clearly states, the temperatures within the protoplanets increased due to the crush of gravity during rapid growth. Consider Earth and the increase of temperature in the “astronomic” phase of our planet. What other natural occurrence during the time of the astronomic Earth would have released heat to substantially increase the temperature within the protoplanet? Hint: think of a specific property of certain isotopes of certain elements.
b.) What is the approximate composition of Earth’s atmosphere [identify each gas and the percent in the atmosphere](+2)
c.) How do hurricanes figure into the atmosphere with respect to the redistribution of heat in the atmosphere?(+2)
2.) +4 What is the dynamic situation with respect to Earth’s composition which many believe to be in existence in the CORE of Earth ? Be specific as the core is complex!
3.) +3 As the text clearly states, the temperatures within the protoplanets increased due to the crush of gravity during rapid growth. Consider Earth and the increase of temperature in the “astronomic” phase of our planet. What other natural occurrence during the time of the astronomic Earth would have released heat to substantially increase the temperature within the protoplanet? Hint: think of a specific property of certain isotopes of certain elements.
Click Here To Get More On This Paper!!!!
4.) +3 [two parts] +1 what is the composition of a comet? +2 why does the tail of a comet always point away from the Sun as it passes through our Solar System?
5.) +3 [two parts] In addition to Earth, at least two other terrestrial planets have clear evidence of volcanic activity. Identify the two planets +2 Identify the planet with the largest volcano? +1
6.) +3 Astronomers continue to search for exoplanets. What is your “working definition” of an exoplanet? (+1) Is Pluto recognized as a planet in our solar system? Explain why or why not!! (+2)
7.) +3 Which terrestrial planet is said to have a “runaway greenhouse effect? a.) Mercury b.) Venus c.) Earth d.) Mars
1.) +6 You now should have an understanding about plate boundaries, hot spots, and their relationship to active volcanism. Given the following examples, identify for each the reason [plate tectonic reason] for each of the following volcanoes: For full credit for each you must identify the plate types [O=oceanic; C = continental] and the specific type of plate boundary or hot spot situation.
a.) Aleutian Islands
b.) Lassen Peak, CA
c.) A cone on the west side of the Rio Grande River in Albuquerque, NM
d.) Yellowstone National Park, WY
e.) Hawaii, HA
f.) Mammoth Mtn, CA
4.) +3 [two parts] +1 what is the composition of a comet? +2 why does the tail of a comet always point away from the Sun as it passes through our Solar System?
5.) +3 [two parts] In addition to Earth, at least two other terrestrial planets have clear evidence of volcanic activity. Identify the two planets +2 Identify the planet with the largest volcano? +1
6.) +3 Astronomers continue to search for exoplanets. What is your “working definition” of an exoplanet? (+1) Is Pluto recognized as a planet in our solar system? Explain why or why not!! (+2)
7.) +3 Which terrestrial planet is said to have a “runaway greenhouse effect? a.) Mercury b.) Venus c.) Earth d.) Mars
1.) +6 You now should have an understanding about plate boundaries, hot spots, and their relationship to active volcanism. Given the following examples, identify for each the reason [plate tectonic reason] for each of the following volcanoes: For full credit for each you must identify the plate types [O=oceanic; C = continental] and the specific type of plate boundary or hot spot situation.
a.) Aleutian Islands
b.) Lassen Peak, CA
c.) A cone on the west side of the Rio Grande River in Albuquerque, NM
d.) Yellowstone National Park, WY
e.) Hawaii, HA
f.) Mammoth Mtn, CA
2.) + 4 Explain why an understanding of plate tectonics identifies the reason for earthquakes in these areas:
a.) +1 Seattle, WA
b.) +1 Salt Lake City, UT
c.) +1 Oakland, CA
d.) +1 New Madrid, MO
a.) +1 Seattle, WA
b.) +1 Salt Lake City, UT
c.) +1 Oakland, CA
d.) +1 New Madrid, MO
3.) +3 There is a new volcano forming in the Hawaiian Island system. It is at great depth beneath sea level now and it has been named Loihi. Where is this new volcano located with respect to the other islands of Hawaii and why is this location easily understood in the context of plate tectonics?
4.) +3 Examine Fig. 2.8 and also look at Fig. 4.52 Locate the Hawaii –a Emperor Seamount pattern in the Pacific Ocean. Note that there is a “dog leg” bend in the pattern. Three questions: (+1) what occurred to create that sharp angle in the pattern of this volcanic chain? (+1) which way is the Pacific Plate moving (+1) where is the current hot spot beneath the Pacific Plate?Click Here To Get More On This Paper!!!!
5.) +3 Examine information regarding Yellowstone National Park [either in the text or from Google].. Two questions: (+1) YNP is the result of a hotspot; in which direction is the North American Plate migrating?
(+2) Where would you expect to find basalt and where would you expect to find rhyolite? Consider the Snake River plain in Idaho to YNP in the NW corner of Wyoming?
6.) +3 Which island is a result of the accumulation of basalt above sea level due to volcanism at an O:O divergent plate boundary? a.) Hawaii b.) New Zealand c.) Iceland
d.) Haiti
7.) A plate composed of one of the following rocks is likely to be the plate of subduction where two plates collide. Identify the rock: a.) granite b.) rhyolite c.) andesite
d.)basalt e.) obsidian
4.) +3 Examine Fig. 2.8 and also look at Fig. 4.52 Locate the Hawaii –a Emperor Seamount pattern in the Pacific Ocean. Note that there is a “dog leg” bend in the pattern. Three questions: (+1) what occurred to create that sharp angle in the pattern of this volcanic chain? (+1) which way is the Pacific Plate moving (+1) where is the current hot spot beneath the Pacific Plate?Click Here To Get More On This Paper!!!!
5.) +3 Examine information regarding Yellowstone National Park [either in the text or from Google].. Two questions: (+1) YNP is the result of a hotspot; in which direction is the North American Plate migrating?
(+2) Where would you expect to find basalt and where would you expect to find rhyolite? Consider the Snake River plain in Idaho to YNP in the NW corner of Wyoming?
6.) +3 Which island is a result of the accumulation of basalt above sea level due to volcanism at an O:O divergent plate boundary? a.) Hawaii b.) New Zealand c.) Iceland
d.) Haiti
7.) A plate composed of one of the following rocks is likely to be the plate of subduction where two plates collide. Identify the rock: a.) granite b.) rhyolite c.) andesite
d.)basalt e.) obsidian
Chapter. 3. MINERALS
1.) Feldspars are either Plagioclase [ a family of minerals] or Orthoclase. Very specific cations define the two end-members of the Plagioclase family and also of Orthoclase. Identify those very specific cations AND indicate the charge on each:
HINT: Do you know the definition of a cation? If not, search Google!
a.) (+2) Orthoclase
b.) (+2) Plagioclase: Anorthite
c.) (+2) Plagioclase: Albite
HINT: Do you know the definition of a cation? If not, search Google!
a.) (+2) Orthoclase
b.) (+2) Plagioclase: Anorthite
c.) (+2) Plagioclase: Albite
2.) The basic building block of the silicate minerals is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron [Fig. 5.9]. .
Two questions:
+2 a.) The ionic charge on each on every Oxygen ion is -2; the charge on each and every Silicon ion is +4 . Therefore, if all the Si and O in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron exist as ions, this figure is NOT balanced! There must be either a positive charge or a negative charge to the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron shown. Is the charge positive or negative?
b.) what is the strength of the charge on the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron? [by strength, I mean the value of the charge….every Oxygen ion has a strength of 2 and the charge is minus!]
Two questions:
+2 a.) The ionic charge on each on every Oxygen ion is -2; the charge on each and every Silicon ion is +4 . Therefore, if all the Si and O in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron exist as ions, this figure is NOT balanced! There must be either a positive charge or a negative charge to the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron shown. Is the charge positive or negative?
b.) what is the strength of the charge on the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron? [by strength, I mean the value of the charge….every Oxygen ion has a strength of 2 and the charge is minus!]
3.) +3 In the structure of silicate minerals, one ion can substitute for the silica ion [Si +4]. identify that ion and identify the charge on that ion.
4.) +3 Most minerals are bonded by a blend of two or more of the four types of bonds. Which of the four bonds, if present for 100% of all bonds in the mineral, probably means that the mineral will dissolve in water? (+2). Graphite is a soft mineral and diamond is the hardest…yet both are composed of one element: Carbon! What is the reason for the dramatic differences in hardness? (+1)
5.) +1 How many faces and how many corners does a cube have? +1 How many faces and how many corners does a tetrahedron have? +1 How many faces and how many corners does an octahedron have?
6.) +3 Muscovite and Biotite are minerals also known as micas. The minerals grow in sheets and you can separate these sheets by simply slipping your fingernail between sheets and pulling the sheets apart. What is the bond you are breaking when you do this? This becomes the explanation for the cleavage listed for sheet structure mica in Table 5.2]a.) ionic
b.) metallic c.) van der Waals d.) covalent
b.) metallic c.) van der Waals d.) covalent
7.) +3 Which of the following minerals which contain iron will de-water over time to form the iron oxide mineral called hematite? a.) magnetite b.) siderite c.) pyrite d.) goethite
HINT: look up each possible answer on Google to find the chemical “equation” of each including hematite!
HINT: look up each possible answer on Google to find the chemical “equation” of each including hematite!
Chapter 4. IGNEOUS ROCKS AND VOLCANISM
1.) Consider the eruption of Mt. St. Helens
a.) When the big eruption occurred in 1980, a landslide first occurred…..how did this landslide trigger the eruption? (+2)
b.) On some adjacent locations in the Cascades that day, people could see the volcano erupt but there was no sound of the explosion. Explain this phenomenon. (+2)
c.) Debris flows or lahars flowed down the valleys. Why can lahars also occur on a volcano even if there is NO ERUPTION? (+2)
2.) Water in relation to volcanism [as well as weathering] is critical to understand.
+2 a.) We identify water as a polar molecule. In your own words, what does this mean and why does this polar molecule LOWER melting point of rocks to create magma?
+2 b.) Consider the density of water in its liquid and solid stages. Which is more dense? Is this common among common compounds at the surface of the Earth?
3.) +3 Consider Devil’s Tower in Wyoming. It was featured prominently in the movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Actor Richard Dreyfus was consumed by trying to create a sculpture of the feature. In Native American Mythology, the grooves on the Tower were created by a giant grizzly bear as it attempted to reach seven maidens on top of the Tower….just as the bear reached the top the maidens were carried up into the heavens to become the star assemblage we know of as the Pleiades. Two questions: (+1) what are the grooves attributed in myth to have been carved by the giant grizzly bear? How did they form? (+2) what has been the role of erosion with respect to what we now recognize as Devil’s Tower?
4.) +3 Seismographs are placed around Mt. St. Helens to warn us if there is a swarm of shallow-depth earthquakes beneath the mountain. What would the occurrence of the swarm shallow earthquakes suggest? And predict?
5.) +3 Basaltic lava is expected in Hawaii; Rhyolitic lava is expected in Yellowstone National Park. Which of these two lavas has the highest silica content? (+1)
Which is hottest as magma becomes lava on Earth’s surface? basaltic or rhyolitic? (+2)
6.) Which of the following islands of volcanic origin form a volcanic arc as a result of O:O convergence? a.) Hawaii b.) Japan c.) Iceland d.) the Aleutians
7.) A number of years ago, at Lake Nyos, the Cameroons, the release of great quantities of carbon dioxide were released from a lake in a crater because of an earthquake/landslide. This event caused the death of cattle and well over 1000 individuals further down slope lost their lives. Why was the carbon dioxide lethal in this event? a.) even small amounts are very toxic b.) the gas burns and destroys lung tissue c.) the gas is heavier than air and it displaces oxygen – the living forms die d.) the gas dissolves in moist air and the acid formed by this process is deadly
+2 a.) We identify water as a polar molecule. In your own words, what does this mean and why does this polar molecule LOWER melting point of rocks to create magma?
+2 b.) Consider the density of water in its liquid and solid stages. Which is more dense? Is this common among common compounds at the surface of the Earth?
3.) +3 Consider Devil’s Tower in Wyoming. It was featured prominently in the movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Actor Richard Dreyfus was consumed by trying to create a sculpture of the feature. In Native American Mythology, the grooves on the Tower were created by a giant grizzly bear as it attempted to reach seven maidens on top of the Tower….just as the bear reached the top the maidens were carried up into the heavens to become the star assemblage we know of as the Pleiades. Two questions: (+1) what are the grooves attributed in myth to have been carved by the giant grizzly bear? How did they form? (+2) what has been the role of erosion with respect to what we now recognize as Devil’s Tower?
4.) +3 Seismographs are placed around Mt. St. Helens to warn us if there is a swarm of shallow-depth earthquakes beneath the mountain. What would the occurrence of the swarm shallow earthquakes suggest? And predict?
5.) +3 Basaltic lava is expected in Hawaii; Rhyolitic lava is expected in Yellowstone National Park. Which of these two lavas has the highest silica content? (+1)
Which is hottest as magma becomes lava on Earth’s surface? basaltic or rhyolitic? (+2)
6.) Which of the following islands of volcanic origin form a volcanic arc as a result of O:O convergence? a.) Hawaii b.) Japan c.) Iceland d.) the Aleutians
7.) A number of years ago, at Lake Nyos, the Cameroons, the release of great quantities of carbon dioxide were released from a lake in a crater because of an earthquake/landslide. This event caused the death of cattle and well over 1000 individuals further down slope lost their lives. Why was the carbon dioxide lethal in this event? a.) even small amounts are very toxic b.) the gas burns and destroys lung tissue c.) the gas is heavier than air and it displaces oxygen – the living forms die d.) the gas dissolves in moist air and the acid formed by this process is deadly
No comments:
Post a Comment