*Page 1
This exercise entails writing an essay exploring the stages of modal memory.

In your essay, be sure to answer the following questions:
What is iconic memory?
What is echoic memory?
Define short-term memory.
Define working memory.
How is it different from short-term memory?
What is long-term memory?
How is it different from short-term memory?

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*Page 2 and 3
When understanding learning, it is important to understand the difference between reinforcement and punishment, as well as the notion that both can be positive or negative.

Your task is to explain positive and negative reinforcement and how both are different from positive and negative punishment.
Give examples of how you might use reinforcement and how you might use punishment to change behaviors you encounter in the workplace or in your personal life.
Differentiate between operant conditioning (OC) that uses reward and punishment and classical conditioning (CC) that uses pairing of unconditioned and conditioned stimuli.
That said—describe how you would use CC to modify the behaviors in the workplace.


*Page 4 and 5
Understanding psychological development across the lifespan is extremely important. Psychologists have described stages of development that are relatively constant across cultures.

Your job is to describe each stage and to give examples of the different stages.
Specifically, describe the progression from infancy to toddlerhood, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, middle age, seniors, and elderly.
In your paper, be sure to draw parallels to changes in psychological health.
Which group is more susceptible to schizophrenia? Why?
Which stage is more susceptible to Alzheimer’s? Why?
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* Page 6
In this exercise, students will explore the theories in universal development.

Choose two of Piaget's stages of universal development.
Define and provide examples of your selected stages.
Compare and contrast each of these stages and discuss their importance in human development.