Controlling Skin Cancer

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The skin cancer problem in Australia can be dated back to over 200 years ago when the first group of fair skinned European immigrants settled on the Sydney Harbour shores in 1788. Of all the people in the world, and all other forms of cancer, Australians are more than five times more likely to develop some form of cancer of the skin. According to statistics two out of every three Australians will have developed a form of skin cancer by the age of seventy years, it has also been noted that the risk is less prevalent in women (3 in5) than in men (2 in 3). It then goes without saying that according to those numbers, Australia has one of the world’s highest rates of skin cancer. This is largely attributed to the climate around the continent, and the fact that most Australians are fair skinned, which is not suited for such harsh conditions, the high UV levels related with being close to the equator and not forgetting  Australians love for the outdoors.
            
Recent studies continue to show that around 80 percent of  most newly  diagnosed cancers in Australia are either Melanoma, basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma which are the three types of cancer of the skin. Over the last two decades there has been a steady rise in skin cancer incidence in Australia. From 1982 diagnosis for melanoma had increased to 50% in Australia. With such statistics the Australian government found itself spending about $378 million in research in the year 2000 to curb this public health menace. With such immense resources directed towards management of occurrences of skin cancer it would be assumed that there would be a considerable drop in the number of incidences. It is however unfortunate that such optimistic numbers are yet to be realized; only achieving to keep the number of incidences stable with no increases neither decreases since the year 2000 to 2004.Click Here To Get More On This Paper!!!!

Part B – Controlling Skin Cancer (10 marks)

Introduction

Skin cancer occurs when skin cells are damaged, for example by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Every year, in Australia skin cancers account for around 80% of all newly diagnosed cancers. Between 95 and 99% of skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun. The incidence of skin cancer in Australia is one of the highest in the world, two to three times the rates in Canada, the US and the UK.

Task

Your task is to research skin cancer statistics in Australia since the year 2000 and answer the following questions:

• Have the incidences of skin cancer (melanoma, basal cell & squamous cell carcinoma) diagnoses in Australia increased or decreased since this time?

• What reasons would you suggest? Comment on your findings.

• Has our increased awareness of the causes of skin cancer had an impact on the occurrence of skin cancer in Australia (eg: through the media or doctors)?

Your response to these questions must be supported by recent statistics from the Cancer Council website or from an Australian Government Health Agency website.

Your response to these questions must be no longer than one A4 page in total (typed).

You must also include a bibliography (which includes at least two references) at the end of this Part. On a separate page.

NB. Information on how to correctly write a bibliography can be found on pages 123 and 124 of your student diary.

Two examples are provided for you as a guide as to the expected format.

·         Heffernan, D.A, Learmonth, M.S, (2000). The World of Science (3^rd Ed). Longman, Melbourne.

·         Australian Government, Department of the Environment. [internet]. Last updated, December 2009. Available from <www.environment.gov.au/parks> [accessed 20 February, 2012]

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Part B

8 - 10	·         Communicates scientific ideas and information on the incidences of melanoma diagnoses in Australia since 2000, using evidence-based arguments, appropriate scientific language, conventions and representations (e.g. information and statistics in the form of tables & graphs). ·         Demonstrates an extensive knowledge on whether an increased awareness of the causes of skin cancer has impacted on the occurrence of skin cancer in Australia. Information gathered from a variety of sources Includes bibliography and written report correctly referenced
4 - 7	·         Communicates scientific ideas and information on the incidences of melanoma diagnoses in Australia since 2000, using some evidence and relevant scientific language and representations, representations (e.g., information and statistics in the form of tables & graphs). ·         Demonstrates an thorough knowledge on whether an increased awareness of the causes of skin cancer has impacted on the occurrence of skin cancer in Australia Includes bibliography and written report correctly referenced
< 4	·         Communicates using basic evidence on the incidences of melanoma diagnoses in Australia since 2000, Limited or no use of information & statistics in the form of tables and graphs Demonstrates a limited knowledge on whether an increased awareness of the causes of skin cancer has impacted on the occurrence of skin cancer in Australia

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