1. On page 25, David Christian states, "Humans did not domesticate just other species; they also domesticated themselves." Christian then goes on to describe the many different ways in which human life was transformed by the shift to agriculture

1. On page 25, David Christian states, "Humans did not domesticate just other species; they also domesticated themselves." Christian then goes on to describe the many different ways in which human life was transformed by the shift to agriculture, a topic which Wallach also discusses in his chapters five and six. In a single paragraph, briefly describe three major consequences of agriculture for humankind. (Points : 3)      

      

Question 2. 2. Eurasia's eastern and western imperial states have long been connected by overland trade. These pathways of trade, known as the "_______", flourished especially under the relative transcontinental peace brought by the Mongol empire in 1200s. (Points : 1)

Question 3. 3. David Christian describes several "agrarian civilizations" that rose to power at some point during the last five thousand years. Match the civilizations below with their corresponding distinctive characteristic. (Note: the present-day country that is home to each of the civilizations' capitals is listed in parentheses) Get Professional Help with Your Research Essay Paper Today From Our Student Essay Service!! (Points : 1) Potential Matches: 1 : after early resistance, this empire eventually led the spread of Christianity throughout the Mediterranean basin and beyond 2 : perhaps the first imperial states, these encompassed both cities and tax-paying surrounding territories throughout Mesopotamia 3 : founded by Cyrus I, this was the first of the new type of enlarged imperial states that increasingly shaped the Afro-Eurasian world in the centuries surrounding the start of the Common Era 4 : building on a foundation laid by earlier imperial dynasties, such as the Shang, this dynasty consolidated the large and wealthy eastern end of an axis of civilizations that stretched along ancient "Silk Roads" across the full width of Eurasia 5 : this empire led the spread of Islam well beyond its origins on the Arabian peninsula     Answer      : Achaemenid (Iran)      : Abbasid (Syria)      : Roman/Byzantine (Italy, Turkey)      : Sumer/Akkad (Iraq)      : Han (China)

Question 4. 4. We and our hominid ancestors: (Points : 1)       only began to use fire after we had domesticated plants and animals       are easily and discretely categorized into five biological "races", based on both our outward physical appearances and internal genetic variety       used our abilities to walk on two legs, to make and use tools, and to share accumulated environmental knowledge via symbolic language, to widely populate the planet--almost entirely so after we began making boats about 50 thousand years ago       entered Africa only after the last Ice Age ended about 12 thousand years ago       share a single human culture

Question 5. 5. Wallach generalizes the modern attitude toward "primitive" foraging (i.e., hunting and gathering) as: (Points : 1)       shameful       ambivalent       fearful       disinterested       envious

Question 6. 6. Humankind domesticated plants and animals because: (Points : 1)       Climate change reduced the ability of foragers to get adequate supplies of food through hunting and gathering.       Population growth forced foragers to move into areas where hunting and gathering was inadequate.       Affluent foragers developed the facilities to store, and social-economic systems to exploit, food surpluses generated by farming.       People required more food in order to meet the growing demands linked to new religious practices such as ritual feats and sacrificial offerings to the gods.       All of the above are reasonable possibilities.

Question 7. 7. The Fertile Crescent: (Points : 1)       is located in South America.       is the most recent of the major domestication hearths, whose own "neolithic revolution" began only 2000 years ago.       is where rice and mangoes were domesticated.       is where wheat and barley were domesticated.       is where coffee and potatoes were domesticated.

Question 8. 8. In Chapter 5 of his book, Wallach describes a large number of innovations that collectively made people more productive farmers around the world. Which one of the following was mostly significant outside of Europe? (Points : 1)       irrigation       moldboard plows       manure       three-field system of crop rotation       diffusion of domesticated plants from elsewhere into and around the region

Question 9. 9. Which early center of domestication featured root crops such as yams and taro as starchy staples, rather than grains? (Points : 1)       Mesopotamia       the Fertile Crescent       Papua New Guinea       northern China       northern America

Question 10. 10. Which of the following statements about the "secondary-products revolution" is least true? (Points : 1)       It began around six thousand years ago (4000 BCE).       It is defined as the use of animal products that don't require slaughtering the animal, such as milk, manure, and traction power.       It spawned pastoralism as a new way of life.       It was most widely practiced in the Americas.       It made farmers significantly more efficient users of the land.

Question 11. 11. Traditional "shifting cultivation" agriculture is based on _______ . (Points : 1)       small-scale "slash and burn" clearance of wild vegetation       fields seasonally flooded by monsoon rains       pastoral nomadism       irrigation       sod-overturning plows pulled by animals

Question 12. 12. What does Wallach define as complex, class-divided society, even while suggesting it also can be considered, paradoxically, an "exercise in simplification"? (Points : 1)       civilization       tribe       chiefdom       band       state

Question 13. 13. Following ten thousand years of plant domestication, the human food supply today is built primarily around just three crops. Each of these three grains corresponds with one of the world's principal hearths of agricultural origin, and together they account for about three-fifths of all the edible dry matter we grow. They are: (Points : 1)       "Irish" potatoes, barley, and rye       sugar cane, soybeans, and sugarbeets       wheat, rice, and corn (maize)       oats, quinoa, and sorghum       manioc, yams, and taro Get Professional Help with Your Research Essay Paper Today From Our Student Essay Service!!