Blood typing

Exercise: Blood Typing

Introduction:

 Define the components of blood.

 What is an antigen? Antibody?Epitope?

oAgglutinogen, antigen, agglutinins, antibodies, etc.

 What cells in the immune system can attack foreign blood?

o How do they do this?

o What term describes the destruction of RBC?

 Define A, B and Rh antigens

o When were they first discovered?

o Who discovered these antigens?

 Define the importance/need for blood typing.

o Perhaps state the amount of blood used per day, hour, week, month or year

o Blood use related to clinical cases/accidents* (per case (car accident, burn victim, etc))

o Define universal donor/recipient

 Can AB+ plasma be used in patients that are not AB+?

Objective:

 Number: 1

 Statements: 1 statement of the overall goal of the experiment. May be a broad statement.

Hypothesis:

 Number: 1 per blood type

o A

o B

o AB

oO

o Rh +

o Rh -

 Hypotheses are IF…. THEN…. statements.

o If statement: Statement on the blood type

o Then statement: Statement on the treatment AND expected observation.

Materials/Procedure

 Blood typing

o What samples will you need?

o What reagents will you need for treatment?

 Which antibodies were used? Who produced these antibodies?

o How were the samples mixed?

o How were the observations made? Microscope?

 Were you looking for a major change? Color change? Volume change?

Results:

 Paragraph of observations.

o When blood sample “x” was treated with _________, the blood _____ (observation)

o Table or graph should be constructed.

 Independent variable = _______________

 Dependent variable = ________________

Discussion

 Blood typing

o Restate goal and hypothesis.

o State result for each person

 Follow result with an interpretation

 Why did the blood clot when treated with _____.

 Why did the blood NOT clot when treated with ______.

 Explain antigen-antibody complexes that formed and how these were visible.

 Finally state the blood type based on the parameters above.

 If blood agglutinates with treatment of anti-A but not anti-B then the blood is…

o State if your hypothesis was supported or rejected

 Make sure there are logical statements to explain your rationale

 DO NOT SAY “PROVED”

o If you say PROVED, you will lose points (2 points each time).

 If you do this, then I will want you to explain what “proved” means in science, and why

you did not “prove” your hypothesis to be correct.

Clinical significance

 Identify a medically important topic.

o Disease/reaction?

 If a disease is chosen:

o Explain the condition, pathophysiology, and treatment

o CLEARLY relate the disease to BLOOD TYPING (Antibodies, antigens, hemolysis,

agglutination,

 

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